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Japan & America: Linguistic Differences, Cultural Differences, and Being a Foreigner in Japan
Japan & America: Linguistic Differences, Cultural Differences, and Being a Foreigner in Japan:I just finished reading a book called Japan & America, by Bernice Z. Goldstein and Kyoko Tamura. It examines certain differences between Japanese and American linguistics in the interest of using those differences as a base for analysis of cultural differences between Japan and the United States. Their specific interest is in who is talking, how that person talks to the listener, and how they talk about a third party, when mentioned. In their own words.They conclude that American English and the child-rearing practices of the American mother serve to create a person who relates to other people by linguistically minimizing differences in rank and status, for the most part, between himself and others. Self-identity is expressed through means such as personal comments tacked on to standard polite forms. An individual may be part of a group, but group associations are often fleeting and not usually considered part of the definition of his identity.
The Japanese language and the child-rearing practices of the Japanese mother, however, teach a child from early on to be keenly aware of differences in status between individuals and the groups they belong to. Part of one's self-identity as expressed in conversation concerns the manipulation of polite and humble linguistic forms to indicate to which groups the speaker and listener belong and how they relate to each other.The book is 35 years old, but based on things I've learned from other sources and my own experiences in Japan, the information contained therein remains relevant. Personally, I found it an enlightening read. As I read it, little memories popped into my head, providing illustrations from personal experience. Mistakes I made during my stay in Japan punched me in the mental nose. Jumbled information about Japan and the Japanese language clicked into their proper places. This one book solidified my understanding of aspects of the Japanese language and culture which I have studied for almost ten years with middling success. Now I'll be armed with much better manners when I return to Japan.I recommend Japan & America to any native speaker of English who is studying Japanese, of course, but it's suitable for anyone with interest in the differences between the Japanese and western cultures. I am unfamiliar with differences between the United States and other English-speaking countries, but my limited understanding indicates that there are at least some parallels. And if not… who knows? Maybe you'll learn something about the USA while you're at it.
On Being a Foreigner in Japan:Upon closing the book on the last page, my mind flitted back to a post on Gakuranman's blog earlier this year about becoming Japanese. A bunch of J-vloggers (Japan-related video bloggers, for long) over on YouTube got into a lengthy and heated debate about the Japanese people's acceptance of foreigners who have chosen to live in Japan.Any foreigner who's lived in Japan for longer than a week has experienced an array of special treatment in every range of the spectrum from good to bad. Sometimes you encounter someone who believes so strongly that foreigners can't learn Japanese that he'll refuse to listen to you long enough to realize that you're not speaking English. Other times, people will buy you pricey gifts or food just for the chance to practice their English on you for half an hour. At all times, though, there is an invisible wall, of sorts, a distance between you and them. There are exceptions of course, usually among younger folk who have visited a foreign country before or would like to in the future, but for the most part, you're never quite accepted.
Some foreigners (at least, among us English-speakers) are bothered by the fact that the Japanese refuse to adopt us. Others (myself included) are okay with it. If you visit that post of Gakuranman's, above, and watch the videos, you'll see an interesting array of perspectives on the topic from a variety of people whose experiences in Japan differ by length and type.Now, while I don't mind that I'll always stick out a bit in Japan, it is nice to have a better understanding of why that's so. This is where Japan & America connects to the issue.If the authors, a linguist and an anthropologist, are correct about how the association of individuals to groups and of groups to other groups make up such an integral part of the Japanese collective psyche, then it may very well be impossible for them to forget that we are foreigners. Those of us who are non-Asian stick out like bright blue thumbs in such a homogeneous society that they can't help but be constantly reminded that we're in a separate group. The rules of Japanese society practically require them to treat us like members of an out-group at least part of the time.
To compound the problem, we're part of an out-group about whicheverything they know is learned from movies and on TV and in other media. You all know how the media distorts things, right? Right. Well, the Japanese media does it, too. So they're left to categorize us as a group by what they've learned through the media, giving them either an idealized or criminalized view of us, full of oversimplifications and rife with misinformation either way.I think it's unfortunate that so many people are bothered by how the Japanese treat foreigners. It makes me wonder if the people who are bothered have really tried to understand the Japanese people or if they're just looking at it from a western perspective and expecting Japan to conform to western ideals. Our cultures are so different on so many basic levels that I believe trying to make the Japanese accept us using western ideals is uncool and a fruitless effort. If they're unhappy with how the Japanese treat them when they live in Japan, then maybe they should consider returning to wherever they came from.
what is the differences between Japan and western culture in cosplay:In game and reality, there are some differences between Japan and western culture. The popularity of cosplay in Japan encourages the misconception that cosplay is specifically a Japanese or Asian hobby. The term "cosplay", though Japanese in origin, described a phenomenon which was witnessed in the United States. For almost fifty years, costuming has had a widespread following and continues to experience growing popularity in North America and Europe, and has more recently spread throughout South America and Australia. Cosplay Wigs Cosplay Costumes The increasing popularity of Japanese animation outside of Asia during the late 1990s led to an increase in American and other Western cosplayers who portray Japanese characters. Anime conventions have become more numerous in the West in the last decade. They now compete with science fiction, comic, and historical conferences in attendance. Plus size clothing Fashion Wholesale In North America trick or treating is a popular children's activity. While traditionally Halloween costumes consisted of dressing as spirits or monsters, Halloween has increasingly become a day in which cosplay is encouraged by people of all ages and is widely accepted – including in the workplace and schools. wholesale cloting zentai suit Western cosplay's origins are based primarily on science fiction and historical fantasy as opposed to animation. It is more common for Western cosplayers to recreate characters from live-action series such as Star Trek, Star Wars, Doctor Who, The Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter than it is for Japanese cosplayers. Similarly, animated series may be the origin for many recreations. Western costumers also include subcultures of hobbyists who participate in Renaissance faires or the Society for Creative Anachronism, and historical re-enactments such as Civil War battles. Differences in taste still exist across cultures. Some costumes that are worn without hesitation by Japanese cosplayers tend to be avoided by Western cosplayers, such as outfits that evoke Nazi-era uniform.
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